کلاس پیشرفته آیلتس
استاد آرین
IELTS MASTER CLASS
BY MASTER ARIAN
انواع آزمون آیلتس و فرمت تست های آیلتس
The International English Language Testing System ( IELTS )
The International English Language Testing System, or IELTS /ˈaɪ.ɛlts/,
is an international standardised test of English language proficiency
for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by
Cambridge English Language Assessment, the British Council and IDP
Education Pvt Ltd,[4] and was established in 1989. IELTS is one of the
two major English-language tests in the world, the other being the
TOEFL.
There are two versions of the IELTS: the Academic Version and the General Training Version:
The Academic Version
is intended for those who want to enroll in universities and other
institutions of higher education and for professionals such as medical
doctors and nurses who want to study or practise in an English-speaking
country.
The General Training
Version is intended for those planning to undertake non-academic
training or to gain work experience, or for immigration purposes.
IELTS
is accepted by most Australian, British, Canadian, Irish, New Zealand
and South African academic institutions, over 3,000 academic
institutions in the United States, and various professional
organisations across the world. It is also a requirement for immigration
to Australia and New Zealand. In Canada, IELTS, TEF, or CELPIP are
accepted by the immigration authority.
No
minimum score is required to pass the test. An IELTS result or Test
Report Form is issued to all candidates with a score from "band 1"
("non-user") to "band 9" ("expert user") and each institution sets a
different threshold. There is also a "band 0" score for those who did
not attempt the test. Institutions are advised not to consider a report
older than two years to be valid, unless the user proves that he has
worked to maintain his level.
In 2007, IELTS
tested over a million candidates in a single 12-month period for the
first time ever, making it the world's most popular English language
test for higher education and immigration.
In
2009, 1.4 million candidates took the IELTS test in over 130 countries,
in 2011 there were 1.7 million candidates whereas in 2012, 2 million
candidates were tested.
IELTS characteristics
The IELTS incorporates the following features:
A variety of accents and writing styles have been presented in test materials in order to minimise linguistic bias.
IELTS tests the ability to listen, read, write and speak in English.
Band scores are used for each language sub-skill (Listening, Reading,
Writing, and Speaking). The Band Scale ranges from 0 ("Did not attempt
the test") to 9 ("Expert User").
The
speaking module is a key component of IELTS. It is conducted in the form
of a one-to-one interview with an examiner. The examiner assesses the
candidate as he or she is speaking, but the speaking session is also
recorded for monitoring as well as re-marking in case of an appeal
against the banding given.
IELTS is
developed with input from item writers from around the world. Teams are
located in the USA, Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and
other English-speaking nations.
IELTS test structure
All
candidates must complete four Modules - Listening, Reading, Writing and
Speaking - to obtain a band score, which is shown on the IELTS Test
Report Form (TRF). All candidates take the same Listening and Speaking
Modules, while the Reading and Writing Modules differ depending on
whether the candidate is taking the Academic or General Training
Versions of the Test.
Listening
The
module comprises four sections of increasing difficulty.[10] It takes
40 minutes: 30 - for testing, plus 10 for transferring the answers to an
answer sheet. Each section, which can be either a monologue or
dialogue,[10] begins with a short introduction telling the candidates
about the situation and the speakers. Then they have some time to look
through the questions. The first three sections have a break in the
middle allowing candidates to look at the remaining questions. Each
section is heard only once. At the end of this section students are
given 10 minutes to transfer their answers to an answer sheet.
Reading
In
the academic module the reading test comprises three sections, with 3
texts normally followed by 13 or 14 questions for a total of 40
questions overall. The General test also has 3 sections. However the
texts are shorter, so there can be up to 5 texts to read.
Writing
In
the Academic module, there are two tasks: in Task 1 candidates describe
a diagram, graph, process or chart, and in Task 2 they respond to an
argument. In the General Training module, there are also two tasks: in
Task 1 candidates write a letter or explain a situation, and in Task 2
they write an essay.
Speaking
The
speaking test contains three sections. The first section takes the form
of an interview during which candidates may be asked about their
hobbies, interests, reasons for taking IELTS exam as well as other
general topics such as clothing, free time, computers and the internet
or family. In the second section candidates are given a topic card and
then have one minute to prepare after which they must speak about the
given topic. The third section involves a discussion between the
examiner and the candidate, generally on questions relating to the theme
which they have already spoken about in part 2. This last section is
more abstract, and is usually considered the most difficult.
Duration
The total test duration is around 2 hours and 45 minutes for Listening, Reading and Writing modules.
Listening: 40 minutes, 30 minutes for which a recording is played
centrally and additional 10 minutes for transferring answers onto the
OMR answer sheet.
Reading: 60 minutes.
Writing: 60 minutes.
Speaking: 11–15 minutes.
(Note: No additional time is given for transfer of answers in Reading and Writing modules)
The
first three modules - Listening, Reading and Writing (always in that
order) - are completed in one day, and in fact are taken with no break
in between. The Speaking Module may be taken, at the discretion of the
test centre, in the period seven days before or after the other Modules.
The tests are designed to cover the full range of ability from non-user to expert user.
Band scale
IELTS
is scored on a nine-band scale, with each band corresponding to a
specified competence in English. Overall Band Scores are reported to the
nearest half band.
The following rounding
convention applies: if the average across the four skills ends in .25,
it is rounded up to the next half band, and if it ends in .75, it is
rounded up to the next whole band.
The nine bands are described as follows:9 | Expert User | Has full operational command of the language: appropriate, accurate and fluent with complete understanding. |
8 | Very Good User | Has
full operational command of the language with only occasional
unsystematic inaccuracies and inappropriacies. Misunderstandings may
occur in unfamiliar situations. Handles complex detailed argumentation
well. |
7 | Good User | Has
operational command of the language, though with occasional
inaccuracies, inappropriateness and misunderstandings in some
situations. Generally handles complex language well and understands
detailed reasoning. |
6 | Competent User | Has
generally effective command of the language despite some inaccuracies,
inappropriacies and misunderstandings. Can use and understand fairly
complex language, particularly in familiar situations. |
5 | Modest user | Has
partial command of the language, coping with overall meaning in most
situations, though is likely to make many mistakes. Should be able to
handle basic communication in own field. |
4 | Limited User | Basic competence is limited to familiar situations. Has frequent problems in using complex language. |
3 | Extremely Limited User | Conveys and understands only general meaning in very familiar situations. |
2 | Intermittent User | No
real communication is possible except for the most basic information
using isolated words or short formulae in familiar situations and to
meet immediate needs. |
1 | Non User | Essentially has no ability to use the language beyond possibly a few isolated words. |
0 | Did not attempt the test | No assessable information provided at all. |
Conversion table
This
table can be used for the Listening tests to convert raw scores to band
scores. This chart is a guide only, because sometimes the scores adjust
slightly depending on how difficult the exam is.Band Score | 9.0 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 |
---|
Raw score | 39 – 40 | 37 – 38 | 35 – 36 | 32 – 34 | 30 – 31 | 26 – 29 | 23 – 25 | 18 – 22 | 16 – 17 | 13 – 15 | 10 – 12 | 8 – 9 | 6 – 7 | 4 – 5 |
---|
Locations and test datesThe
test is taken every year in 500 locations across 121 countries, and is
one of the fastest growing English language tests in the world. The
number of candidates has grown from about 80,000 in 1999 to over
1,200,000 in 2009.There are up
to 48 test dates available per year. Each test centre offers tests up
to four times a month depending on local demand. There used to be a
minimum time limit of 90 days before which a person was not allowed to
retake the test. However this restriction has been withdrawn and
currently there is no limit for applicants to retake the test.
IELTS level required by academic institutions for admissionJust
over half (51%) of candidates take the test to enter higher education
in a foreign country.[8] The IELTS minimum scores required by academic
institutions vary. As a general rule, institutions from English-speaking
countries require a higher IELTS band.
United States
The
highest IELTS Band required by a university is 8.5,[14] by the Graduate
School of Journalism at Columbia University; the only US institution to
require this band.While Ohio State University's Moritz College of Law is listed as requiring an 8.5 on the IELTS website, the school lists an 8.0.
United Kingdom
The highest IELTS Band required is 8 by the Master of Science degree in Marketing at the University of Warwick.Most IELTS requirements by universities fall between 5.5 and 7.0. For example:
Argentina
The University of Buenos Aires requires an IELTS minimum of 7.5 for entry into the faculty of English as a foreign language.
Finland
Sibelius Academy reguires an IELTS minimum of 5.5 to a Bachelor's and Master's degree and 6.0 to a Master's degree.
France
Pantheon-Sorbonne
University requires an IELTS minimum of 7.5 for entry into its
four-year French and English law course with King's College London.
Germany
University
of Bamberg requires an IELTS (academic or general test) minimum of 7.0
(program in European Joint Master’s Degree in English and American
Studies). Most German universities require an IELTS minimum of 6.0 or
6.5 for their master's students.
Turkey
Bilkent
University requires an IELTS academic test) minimum of 5.0 for each
field and an avereage of 6.5 of all fields (program in Master’s and
Doctorate Degree in all fields except M.A in Curriculum and Instruction
with Teaching Certificate program). IELTS is no longer considered
equivalent to TOEFL and their own YDS exam by the Turkish government.
Hong Kong
The
Law Society of Hong Kong requires applicants to achieve a minimum score
of 7.0 for entry into the Postgraduate Certificate in Laws course,
taught at University of Hong Kong, Chinese University of Hong Kong and
City University of Hong Kong. Chinese University of Hong Kong requires
an overall band score of 7.0 for entry via Early Admission Scheme into
two of its business subjects, "Global Business Studies" and
"International Business and Chinese Enterprise".
Italy
Polytechnic
University of Turin requires an IELTS minimum of 5.0. Most Italian
universities generally require an IELTS minimum of 4.5 for their
undergraduate students and 6.5 for their master's students.
Kazakhstan
Nazarbayev
University requires an IELTS minimum of 6.0 for entry into The Schools
of Medicine, Engineering and Science & Technology and 6.5 for entry
to The School of Humanities and Social Sciences.
The Netherlands
TU
Delft requires an IELTS minimum of 5.5 for all BSc courses except
Aerospace Engineering and Nanobiology, for which a 6.5 overall band
score is required. The Graduate School of Social Sciences, part of the
University of Amsterdam, requires a minimum band score of 6.5 with a
minimum of 6.0 for each test component for all its international master
programmes.This criterium also applies to local students who want to
participate in the international master programmes.
Belgium
KU
Leuven requires an IELTS minimum of 6.5-7.5 for most master
programmes.Ghent University requires an IELTS minimum of 5.5-6.5 for
most master programmes. Doctoral programmes may require 7.0.
Thailand
Chulalongkorn
University requires an IELTS minimum of 6.0 for all international
Bachelor courses and requires a minimum band score of 6.5 with a minimum
of 6.0 for each test component for all its international master
programmes.This criterium also applies to local students who want to
participate in the international programmes.
IELTS use for immigration purposes
A number of Commonwealth countries use IELTS scores as a proof of prospective immigrants' competence in English.
Australia
Australia's
immigration authorities have used IELTS to assess English proficiency
of prospective migrants since May 1998, when this test replaced the
access: test that had been previously used.
As
of July 2012, applicants for Australia's Independent Migrant visa
(permanent residence) must either score at least 6 on each of the
modules of IELTS, or score at least "A" on Australia's Occupational
English Test.
One can receive a "partial credit" (fewer points on
the point test that determines one's eligibility for the migrant's
visa) for having merely a "competent" level of English, which requires
scoring at least 6 on each of the modules of IELTS. Prospective migrants
who are citizens of the majority-English-speaking countries (United
Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, the United States or Republic of Ireland)
may choose to automatically receive the credit for the "competent" level
of English merely by virtue of their citizenship, without taking tests;
however, if they desire to show the "proficient" level (e.g. in order
to obtain a sufficiently high overall score on the migration point test)
they still must take the IELTS or OET.
New Zealand
New
Zealand has used the IELTS test since 1995. Initially, level 5 scores
in each of the four modules were required of the prospective applicants;
those who could not achieve required scores could pay a NZ$20,000 fee
instead, which would be fully or partially refunded later if the migrant
were able to successfully take the test within a certain period (3 to
12 months) after his or her arrival to the country. A few years later,
the policy was changed: the fee was reduced, and, instead of being
potentially refundable, it became treated as a "pre-purchase" of
post-arrival ESL tuition.
Presently,
applicants desiring to achieve permanent residence in New Zealand via
the "Entrepreneur Category" migration programme must prove a
"reasonable" level of competence in English. Unless the applicant has
studied and/or worked for a sufficiently long period in New Zealand or
other English-speaking countries, this normally should be demonstrated
by achieving the overall band of 6.5 on the IELTS.
Canada
Citizenship
and Immigration Canada uses the results of IELTS and/or TEF as a
conclusive evidence of one's ability to communicate in English and/or
French.[33] For the purposes of the skill-based immigration points test,
one receives separate points based on his or her performance on each of
the four modules (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) or IELTS;
the score of 4 on a particular IELTS module is sufficient to earn the
maximum points for this particular capacity, except for the listening
module, which requires the score of 8 to earn the maximum points.
The
CELPIP (Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program) test
scores are mentioned by the Canadian immigration application forms as an
alternative to IELTS.
Submitting one's IELTS scores is also one
of the several ways to evidence one's proficiency in an official
language when applying for Canadian citizenship.
United Kingdom
Under
the UK's "Points Based System Tier 1" (General Migrant) programme,
applicants can receive 10 points for their English language
qualification if it is deemed "equivalent to the Council of Europe's
Common European Framework for Language Learning level C1", which is said
to approximately equivalent to IELTS level 6.5, or GCSE Grade C. Having
gained a university degree from an English-medium institution is an
acceptable alternative proof of one's English level.
جدول معادل نمرات آیلتس در تافل
Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores
IELTS Score | TOEFL Score |
9 | 118-120 |
8.5 |
115-117 |
8 | 110-114 |
7.5 | 102-109 |
7 |
94-101 |
6.5 | 79-93 |
6 | 60-78 |
5.5 | 46-59 |
5 |
35-45 |
4.5 |
32-34 |
0-4 |
0-31 |