کاربرد جملات مجهول در آیلتس روش ساخت جملات مجهول در زبان انگلیسی ؟

مجهول چیست ؟ روش ساخت جملات مجهول در زبان انگلیسی ؟ کاربرد جملات مجهول در آیلتس ؟

Passive Sentences

Passive voice verbs are used in writing much more often than in speech, and they are used in some types of writing much more often than in others. Passives are used more in journalism (newspapers, magazines) than in fiction (novels, stories), but most journalists and fiction writers use far more active than passive sentences. However, passives are very common in all types of scientific and technical writing. Scientific articles often contain more passive than active sentences. You should not use passive voice verbs unless you have a good reason.

A. Relationship between active and passive:

1. The object of the active verb is the subject of the passive verb (“English” in the example sentences below). Therefore, verbs which cannot be followed by objects (intransitive verbs) cannot be used in passive voice.

These are some common intransitive verbs: appear, arrive, come, cry, die, go, happen, occur, rain, sleep, stay, walk. These verbs cannot be used in passive voice.

2. The passive verb always contains a form of the auxiliary verb be. The form of be in the passive verb phrase corresponds to the form of the main verb in the active verb phrase (see the underlined words in the example sentences below). That is, if the active main verb is simple present tense, then a simple present tense form of be is used in the passive verb phrase; if the active main verb is -ING, then the -ING form of be is used in the passive verb phrase; and so on.

3. The main verb in a passive predicate verb phrase is always the participle form of the verb.

4. Some examples of active and passive sentences:

ACTIVE: They speak English.
PASSIVE: English is spoken.

ACTIVE: They spoke English.
PASSIVE: English was spoken.

ACTIVE: They will speak English.
PASSIVE: English will be spoken.

ACTIVE: They are going to speak English.
PASSIVE: English is going to be spoken.

ACTIVE: They are speaking English.
PASSIVE: English is being spoken.

ACTIVE: They were speaking English.
PASSIVE: English was being spoken.

ACTIVE: They have spoken English.
PASSIVE: English has been spoken.

ACTIVE: They had spoken English.
PASSIVE: English had been spoken.

ACTIVE: They will have spoken English.
PASSIVE: English will have been spoken.

5. Perfect progressive verb forms are generally used in active voice only. That is, these are good English sentences:

ACTIVE: They have been speaking English.
ACTIVE: They had been speaking English.
ACTIVE: They will have been speaking English.

But sentences like these are rarely used:

PASSIVE: English has been being spoken.
PASSIVE: English had been being spoken.
PASSIVE: English will have been being spoken.

B. Most passive sentences do not contain an agent; all active sentences contain an agent.

1. An agent is the subject of the active verb. In the example sentences above, the agent is “they” in all the active sentences; the passive sentences do not contain an agent.

2. When a passive sentence contains an agent, it is in a prepositional phrase following the verb. For example:

English is spoken by them.

In the following sentences, the noun “teachers” is the agent in both sentences. “Teachers” is also the subject of the active verb, but “exams” is the subject of the passive verb.

ACTIVE: Teachers prepare exams.

PASSIVE: Exams are prepared by teachers.

C. You should not use passive voice unless you have a good reason.

Here are some good reasons for using passive voice:

1. Passive voice is often used when the agent (the doer of an action; the subject of an active verb) is obvious, unknown, or unnecessary:

Oranges are grown in California.
Toyotas are made in Japan.
Her purse was stolen.

2. Passive voice is often used when the agent is known, but the speaker/writer doesn’t want to mention it:

She was given bad advice.
A mistake has been made.

3. Passive voice is often used when the agent is very general such as people or somebody.

English is spoken here.
The door should be locked.

4. Passive voice is often used when the speaker/writer wants to emphasize a result:

Several thousand people were killed by the earthquake.

5. Passive voice is often used when the speaker/writer wants to keep the same subject for two or more verbs but this would not be possible if both verbs were the same voice (active or passive).

For example, in a conversation about George, a speaker would probably use sentence a below rather than sentence b (both sentences are correct).

a. George had several interviews before he was hired by a software company.
b. George had several interviews before a software company hired him.

دوره فشرده آیلتس

منابع آیلتس جنرال می 2011 برزیل

منابع آیلتس جنرال می 2011 برزیل

IELTS test in Brazil – May 2011 (General Training)
 
Writing test

Writing Task 1 (a letter)

A friend of yours is applying for a job as a sports instructor for teenagers in an summer school in Australia. He is asking you to write a recommendation letter to the principal of the school. In your letter you should say

- How long have you known him/her for?
- What are his/her qualifications?
- Why is he/she suitable for this position?

Writing Task 2 (an essay)

Many old cities around the world are going through major processes of modernization. What are the advantages and disadvantages of modernization?

Speaking test

Interview

- What is your full name, please?
- Describe the apartment you live in.
- Do you think money is important for happiness?
- What do you think is the secret of happiness?

Cue Card

Describe a feature of your personal character that you find important. Please say

- Why do you like it?
- Why is it important to you?
- What difference does it make in your life?

Discussion

- Describe one feature of people in your country that you find interesting.
- What differences should people take into consideration while choosing a partner or a friend?
- What do you think makes people choose hand-made items?
- Do you think it is important for children to learn how to create hand-made objects?
- What hand-made object would you like to make?

منابع آیلتس آکادمیک در هند - آیلتس ۲۰۱۱ - دوره آمادگی آیلتس

منابع آیلتس آکادمیک در هند - آیلتس 2011

IELTS test in India – April 2011 (Academic Module)
 
Listening test

Section 1. Sports club inquiry.

Section 2. Conversation between final year engineering students.

Sections 3 and 4. Don’t remember.

Reading test

Passage 1. Interpretation (language).

Passage 2. Biological biodiversity.

Passage 3. Facial expressions.

Writing test

Writing task 1 (a report)

We were given two tables with temperature (min /max), sunrises and sunsets in the same weekend in the month of May 2007 in two cities, Mumbai and Moscow.


Writing task 2 (an essay)

Theoretical subjects like mathematics, philosophy and economics should be removed from the university education, whereas most of the students are interested in taking practical subjects such as computer programming, engineering and so on. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Speaking test

Interview

- Tell me your full name.
- Where is your hometown?
- What is it famous for?
- Did you learn about your hometown’s history in school?
- Do you like receiving gifts?
- Is it difficult to find a gift? Why?
- Is it possible to buy a gift through internet?
- Which is more suitable, searching for a gift on the internet or in a shop? Why?

Cue Card

Talk about a gift that you recently bought. Please say

- What was it?
- For whom did you buy it?
- How did he/she accept the gift?

Discussion

- What are the occasions that the people are giving gifts on, in your country?
- Do you like receiving gifts?
- Which is more preferable, giving or receiving gifts?
- Do you meet new people where you live?
- Where can you meet new people?
- Where do young people usually meet each other?
- Where did young people meet each other in the past?

نکات آیلتس و روش آمادگی آیلتس ( استاد آرین متخصص آیلتس )

نکات آیلتس و روش آمادگی آیلتس ( استاد آرین متخصص آیلتس )

Exam tips from Mr.Arian , IELTS Expert 

Today I would like to share with you some IELTS tips .

1. Do a lot of practice tests. Any books are fine. However, I highly recommend the ones by Cambridge or Oxford. It is very important to familiarize yourself with the test.

2. Focus more on the module you are particularly weak in.

3. In the Listening module, when you are given time to read the questions, underline some keywords to help you focus on when you are trying to answer as you listen.

4. In the Reading module (you have probably heard this before, but anyway) DO NOT read the texts first. You do not have to understand the whole passage to answer the questions. So, work from the questions, start reading the text until you get the answer and move forward.

5. In the Writing module, learn how to organize your essay. Paragraph organization is very important. Time yourself during practice and familiarize yourself with the pace of your writing and the running time. It is crucial that you write in AT LEAST the number of words you are asked to write AND an organized way. Most IELTS preparation books should be able to teach you. Basically, organization is having an opening, body/content, and closing.


6. In the Speaking module, talk to yourself. Record and play it. Assess yourself or better, have someone with excellent English assess your spoken English. Practice like this particularly in section 2 of the module. Time yourself accordingly for preparing your speaking and finally do the speaking. It is important that you familiarize yourself with the actual pace of the test. Speed of your speech is not important. Speak at a modest speed. ENUNCIATE your words instead of mumbling. Speak in complete sentences.

7. Finally, relax a couple of days before the test. Don’t get too stressed out.

I hope the tips will be useful for anyone preparing for IELTS.

Best Of Luck

منابع آیلتس آلمان 2011 - آوریل

منابع آیلتس آوریل 2011 - آیلتس آلمان

IELTS Speaking test in Germany – April 2011
 
Speaking test

Interview

- What is your full name?
- What shall I call you?
- Where are you from?
- Do you like visiting museums?
- When did you visit a museum last time?
- What do you think about selling souvenirs in museums?
- Where do young people meet these days?
- Is there a difference between the meeting place of the young generation and the old generation?
- Where did you use to meet your friends?

Cue Card

Describe a teacher from your school that made an impression on you, please say
- who the teacher was,
- describe the teacher,
- explain why you remember this teacher.

Discussion

- What are the qualities needed to be a good teacher?
- What are the advantages of being a teacher?
- What are the problems teachers face in school?
- How can governments help teachers?