تدریس خصوصی آیلتس بهترین استاد آیلتس استاد آرین دکتر آرین کریمی 09125000158

دوره آمادگی آیلتس فشرده کلاسهای آمادگی فشرده آیلتس مرکز تخصصی آیلتس آیلتس چیست کلاس خصوصی آیلتس

تدریس خصوصی آیلتس بهترین استاد آیلتس استاد آرین دکتر آرین کریمی 09125000158

دوره آمادگی آیلتس فشرده کلاسهای آمادگی فشرده آیلتس مرکز تخصصی آیلتس آیلتس چیست کلاس خصوصی آیلتس

نمونه writing آیلتس با نمره 9 - BAND 9 IELTS ESSAY

نمونه writing آیلتس با نمره 9




BAND 9 IELTS ESSAY



IELTS WRITING Task 2 Topic


Nowadays many people are diagnosed with anorexia. What are the causes of this? What can be done to improve the situation?

 

Sample response

 

Fashion and lifestyle magazines are promoting unrealistic and impossible beauty standards. Wafer thin models adorn billboards all over the world. As a result, many people, especially teens now equate beauty with thinness. They refuse to eat because they are worried that they will become fat. In medical parlance, this disorder is called anorexia and it has become a major cause for concern.

 

Food is our fuel. If our body does not receive the right amounts of nutrients, it will not be able to function properly. Nutritional supplements can never be a substitute for food. Studies have shown that vitamins and minerals that the body receives through supplements are not absorbed properly. By contrast, the body can easily absorb the nutrients in foods. This undermines the importance of eating right.

 

While anorexia can be considered as a psychological disorder, it is a byproduct of our obsession with beauty and thinness. Fashion magazines and designers have their own reasons to promote thinness. If everyone is of the same size, it helps the mass production of clothes and other accessories. This will increase their profits. Unfortunately, teens who adulate super thin models and who refuse to eat do not realize that they are doing a disservice to their body.

 

Creating awareness about this menace is the first step to stop it. The government and the media can do a lot. In my opinion, the government needs to ban publications and commercials that promote impossible and unhealthy standards of beauty. Parents need to be vigilant too. They can easily spot the eating disorders in their children. If they feel that their children are not eating properly, they should consult a doctor and a counselor. Anorexia is not an incurable condition. Youngsters who are counseled against its ill-effects are more likely to adopt healthy eating habits.

 

To conclude, creating awareness about health and beauty is the first step towards combating anorexia. Youngsters need to realize that thinness is a sign of malnutrition, and not beauty. The government, doctors, media and parents need to make a concerted effort to dispel myths surrounding beauty.


Determiners and quantifiers - دوره فشرده گرامر آیلتس - دوره فشرده writing آیلتس

Determiners and quantifiers

General and specific determiners


Determiners are words which come at the beginning of the noun phrase.

They tell us whether the noun phrase is specific or general.

Determiners are either specific or general


Specific determiners:


The specific determiners are:

the definite article: the
possessives: my, your, his, her, its; our, their, whose
demonstratives: this, that, these, those
interrogatives: which

We use a specific determiner when we believe the listener/reader knows exactly what we are referring to:

Can you pass me the salt please?
Look at those lovely flowers.
Thank you very much for your letter.
Whose coat is this?


General determiners:


The general determiners are:

a; an; any; another; other; what


When we are talking about things in general and the listener/reader does not know exactly what we are referring to, we can use a uncount noun or a plural noun with no determiner:

Milk is very good for you. (= uncount noun)
Health and education are very important. (= 2 uncount nouns)
Girls normally do better in school than boys. (= plural nouns with no determiner)


… or you can use a singular noun with the indefinite article a or an:


A woman was lifted to safety by a helicopter.

A man climbing nearby saw the accident.


We use the general determiner any with a singular noun or an uncount noun when we are talking about all of those people or things:


It’s very easy. Any child can do it. (= All children can do it)
With a full licence you are allowed to drive any car.
I like beef, lamb, pork - any meat.


We use the general determiner another to talk about an additional person or thing:

Would you like another glass of wine?


The plural form of another is other:

I spoke to John, Helen and a few other friends.


Quantifiers


We use quantifiers when we want to give someone information about the number of something: how much or how many.

 

Sometimes we use a quantifier in the place of a determiner:


Most children start school at the age of five.
We ate some bread and butter.
We saw lots of birds.

We use these quantifiers with both count and uncount nouns:

 

all any enough less a lot of lots of
more most no none of some  

 

and some more colloquial forms:

 

plenty of heaps of a load of loads of tons of  etc.

 

Some quantifiers can be used only with count nouns:

 

both each either (a) few fewer neither several

 

and some more colloquial forms:

 

a couple of hundreds of thousands of etc.

 

Some quantifiers can be used only with uncount nouns:

 

a little (not) much a bit of

 

And, particularly with abstract nouns such as timemoneytrouble, etc:, we often use:

 

a great deal of a good deal of

 

Members of groups


You can put a noun after a quantifier when you are talking about members of a group in general…

Few snakes are dangerous.
Both brothers work with their father.
I never have enough money.


…but if you are talking about a specific group of people or things, use of the … as well


Few of the snakes are dangerous.
All of the children live at home.
He has spent all of his money.

Note that, if we are talking about two people or things we use the

quantifiers botheither and neither:

 

One supermarketTwo supermarkets*More than two supermarkets

The supermarket was closed

The supermarket wasn't open

I don’t think the supermarket was open.

Both the supermarkets were closed.

Neither of the supermarkets was open.

I don’t think either of the supermarkets was open.

All the supermarkets were closed

None of the supermarkets were open

I don't think any of the supermarkets were open

 

*Nouns with either and neither have a singular verb.

 
Singular quantifiers:


We use every or each with a singular noun to mean all:

 

There was a party in every street.  = There were parties in all the streets.
Every shop was decorated with flowers.  = All the shops were decorated with flowers.
Each child was given a prize.  = All the children were given a prize.
There was a prize in each competition.  = There were prizes in all the competitions.

 

We often use every to talk about times like days, weeks and years:

When we were children we had holidays at our grandmother’s every year.
When we stayed at my grandmother’s house we went to the beach every day.
We visit our daughter every Christmas.

BUT: We do not use a determiner with every and each. We do not say:

The every shop was decorated with flowers.
The each child was given a prize.

 

دوره فشرده گرامر آیلتس

 

دوره فشرده writing آیلتس

 


دوره فشرده WRITING آیلتس - IELTS WRITING INTENSIVE COURSE - استاد آرین - آموزش گرامر آیلتس انواع حرف ربط ( Conjunctions )

دوره فشرده WRITING آیلتس


 

IELTS WRITING INTENSIVE COURSE

 


استاد آرین


 


Conjunctions


Definition


Some words are satisfied spending an evening at home, alone, eating ice-cream right out of the box, watching Seinfeld re-runs on TV, or reading a good book. Others aren't happy unless they're out on the town, mixing it up with other words; they're joiners and they just can't help themselves. A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence.

 

Coordinating Conjunctions

 

The simple, little conjunctions are called coordinating conjunctions (you can click on the words to see specific descriptions of each one):

 

Coordinating Conjunctions

and      but       or         yet       for        nor       so

(It may help you remember these conjunctions by recalling that they all have fewer than four letters. Also, remember the acronym FANBOYS: For-And-Nor-But-Or-Yet-So. Be careful of the words then and now; neither is a coordinating conjunction, so what we say about coordinating conjunctions' roles in a sentence and punctuation does not apply to those two words).

 

conjunction

When a coordinating conjunction connects two independent clauses, it is often (but not always) accompanied by a comma:

 

Ulysses wants to play for UConn, but he has had trouble meeting the academic requirements.

When the two independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction are nicely balanced or brief, many writers will omit the comma:

 

Ulysses has a great jump shot but he isn't quick on his feet.

The comma is always correct when used to separate two independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction. See Punctuation Between Two Independent Clauses for further help.

 

A comma is also correct when and is used to attach the last item of a serial list, although many writers (especially in newspapers) will omit that final comma:

 

Ulysses spent his summer studying basic math, writing, and reading comprehension.

When a coordinating conjunction is used to connect all the elements in a series, a comma is not used:

 

Presbyterians and Methodists and Baptists are the prevalent Protestant congregations in Oklahoma.

A comma is also used with but when expressing a contrast:

 

This is a useful rule, but difficult to remember.

In most of their other roles as joiners (other than joining independent clauses, that is), coordinating conjunctions can join two sentence elements without the help of a comma.

 

Hemingway and Fitzgerald are among the American expatriates of the between-the-wars era.

Hemingway was renowned for his clear style and his insights into American notions of male identity.

It is hard to say whether Hemingway or Fitzgerald is the more interesting cultural icon of his day.

Although Hemingway is sometimes disparaged for his unpleasant portrayal of women and for his glorification of machismo, we nonetheless find some sympathetic, even heroic, female figures in his novels and short stories.

Beginning a Sentence with And or But

A frequently asked question about conjunctions is whether and or but can be used at the beginning of a sentence. This is what R.W. Burchfield has to say about this use of and:

 

There is a persistent belief that it is improper to begin a sentence with And, but this prohibition has been cheerfully ignored by standard authors from Anglo-Saxon times onwards. An initial And is a useful aid to writers as the narrative continues.

from The New Fowler's Modern English Usage

edited by R.W. Burchfield. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. 1996.

Used with the permission of Oxford University Press.

The same is true with the conjunction but. A sentence beginning with and or but will tend to draw attention to itself and its transitional function. Writers should examine such sentences with two questions in mind: (1) would the sentence and paragraph function just as well without the initial conjunction? (2) should the sentence in question be connected to the previous sentence? If the initial conjunction still seems appropriate, use it.

 

Among the coordinating conjunctions, the most common, of course, are and, but, and or. It might be helpful to explore the uses of these three little words. The examples below by no means exhaust the possible meanings of these conjunctions.

 

AND

To suggest that one idea is chronologically sequential to another: "Tashonda sent in her applications and waited by the phone for a response."

To suggest that one idea is the result of another: "Willie heard the weather report and promptly boarded up his house."

To suggest that one idea is in contrast to another (frequently replaced by but in this usage): "Juanita is brilliant and Shalimar has a pleasant personality.

To suggest an element of surprise (sometimes replaced by yet in this usage): "Hartford is a rich city and suffers from many symptoms of urban blight."

To suggest that one clause is dependent upon another, conditionally (usually the first clause is an imperative): "Use your credit cards frequently and you'll soon find yourself deep in debt." top

To suggest a kind of "comment" on the first clause: "Charlie became addicted to gambling — and that surprised no one who knew him."

 

BUT

To suggest a contrast that is unexpected in light of the first clause: "Joey lost a fortune in the stock market, but he still seems able to live quite comfortably."

To suggest in an affirmative sense what the first part of the sentence implied in a negative way (sometimes replaced by on the contrary): "The club never invested foolishly, but used the services of a sage investment counselor."

To connect two ideas with the meaning of "with the exception of" (and then the second word takes over as subject): "Everybody but Goldenbreath is trying out for the team."

OR

To suggest that only one possibility can be realized, excluding one or the other: "You can study hard for this exam or you can fail."

To suggest the inclusive combination of alternatives: "We can broil chicken on the grill tonight, or we can just eat leftovers.

To suggest a refinement of the first clause: "Smith College is the premier all-women's college in the country, or so it seems to most Smith College alumnae."

To suggest a restatement or "correction" of the first part of the sentence: "There are no rattlesnakes in this canyon, or so our guide tells us."

To suggest a negative condition: "The New Hampshire state motto is the rather grim "Live free or die." top

To suggest a negative alternative without the use of an imperative (see use of and above): "They must approve his political style or they wouldn't keep electing him mayor."

Authority used for this section on the uses of and, but, and or: A University Grammar of English by Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum. Longman Group: Essex, England. 1993. Used with permission. Examples our own.

 

The Others . . .

The conjunction NOR is not extinct, but it is not used nearly as often as the other conjunctions, so it might feel a bit odd when nor does come up in conversation or writing. Its most common use is as the little brother in the correlative pair, neither-nor (see below):

 

He is neither sane nor brilliant.

That is neither what I said nor what I meant.

>It can be used with other negative expressions:

 

That is not what I meant to say, nor should you interpret my statement as an admission of guilt.

It is possible to use nor without a preceding negative element, but it is unusual and, to an extent, rather stuffy:

 

George's handshake is as good as any written contract, nor has he ever proven untrustworthy.

The word YET functions sometimes as an adverb and has several meanings: in addition ("yet another cause of trouble" or "a simple yet noble woman"), even ("yet more expensive"), still ("he is yet a novice"), eventually ("they may yet win"), and so soon as now ("he's not here yet"). It also functions as a coordinating conjunction meaning something like "nevertheless" or "but." The word yet seems to carry an element of distinctiveness that but can seldom register.

 

John plays basketball well, yet his favorite sport is badminton.

The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they continued to play golf every day.

In sentences such as the second one, above, the pronoun subject of the second clause ("they," in this case) is often left out. When that happens, the comma preceding the conjunction might also disappear: "The visitors complained loudly yet continued to play golf every day."

 

Yet is sometimes combined with other conjunctions, but or and. It would not be unusual to see and yet in sentences like the ones above. This usage is acceptable.

 

The word FOR is most often used as a preposition, of course, but it does serve, on rare occasions, as a coordinating conjunction. Some people regard the conjunction for as rather highfalutin and literary, and it does tend to add a bit of weightiness to the text. Beginning a sentence with the conjunction "for" is probably not a good idea, except when you're singing "For he's a jolly good fellow. "For" has serious sequential implications and in its use the order of thoughts is more important than it is, say, with because or since. Its function is to introduce the reason for the preceding clause:

 

John thought he had a good chance to get the job, for his father was on the company's board of trustees.

Most of the visitors were happy just sitting around in the shade, for it had been a long, dusty journey on the train.

Be careful of the conjunction SO. Sometimes it can connect two independent clauses along with a comma, but sometimes it can't. For instance, in this sentence,

 

Soto is not the only Olympic athlete in his family, so are his brother, sister, and his Uncle Chet.

where the word so means "as well" or "in addition," most careful writers would use a semicolon between the two independent clauses. In the following sentence, where so is acting like a minor-league "therefore," the conjunction and the comma are adequate to the task:

 

Soto has always been nervous in large gatherings, so it is no surprise that he avoids crowds of his adoring fans.

Sometimes, at the beginning of a sentence, so will act as a kind of summing up device or transition, and when it does, it is often set off from the rest of the sentence with a comma:

 

So, the sheriff peremptorily removed the child from the custody of his parents.

The Case of Then and Than

Than & Then

In some parts of the United States, we are told, then and than not only look alike, they sound alike. Like a teacher with twins in her classroom, you need to be able to distinguish between these two words; otherwise, they'll become mischievous. They are often used and they should be used for the right purposes.

 

Than is used to make comparisons. In the sentence "Piggy would rather be rescued then stay on the island," we have employed the wrong word because a comparison is being made between Piggy's two choices; we need than instead. In the sentence, "Other than Pincher Martin, Golding did not write another popular novel," the adverbial construction "other than" helps us make an implied comparison; this usage is perfectly acceptable in the United States but careful writers in the UK try to avoid it (Burchfield).

 

Generally, the only question about than arises when we have to decide whether the word is being used as a conjunction or as a preposition. If it's a preposition (and Merriam-Webster's dictionary provides for this usage), then the word that follows it should be in the object form.

 

He's taller and somewhat more handsome than me.

Just because you look like him doesn't mean you can play better than him.

Most careful writers, however, will insist that than be used as a conjunction; it's as if part of the clause introduced by than has been left out:

 

He's taller and somewhat more handsome than I [am handsome].

You can play better than he [can play].

In formal, academic text, you should probably use than as a conjunction and follow it with the subject form of a pronoun (where a pronoun is appropriate)

 

Then is a conjunction, but it is not one of the little conjunctions listed at the top of this page. We can use the FANBOYS conjunctions to connect two independent clauses; usually, they will be accompanied (preceded) by a comma. Too many students think that then works the same way: "Caesar invaded Gaul, then he turned his attention to England." You can tell the difference between then and a coordinating conjunction by trying to move the word around in the sentence. We can write "he then turned his attention to England"; "he turned his attention, then, to England"; he turned his attention to England then." The word can move around within the clause. Try that with a conjunction, and you will quickly see that the conjunction cannot move around. "Caesar invaded Gaul, and then he turned his attention to England." The word and is stuck exactly there and cannot move like then, which is more like an adverbial conjunction (or conjunctive adverb — see below) than a coordinating conjunction. Our original sentence in this paragraph — "Caesar invaded Gaul, then he turned his attention to England" — is a comma splice, a faulty sentence construction in which a comma tries to hold together two independent clauses all by itself: the comma needs a coordinating conjunction to help out, and the word then simply doesn't work that way.

 

Subordinating Conjunctions

 

A Subordinating Conjunction (sometimes called a dependent word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent) Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence. It also turns the clause into something that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.

 

He took to the stage as though he had been preparing for this moment all his life.

Because he loved acting, he refused to give up his dream of being in the movies.

Unless we act now, all is lost.

Notice that some of the subordinating conjunctions in the table below — after, before, since — are also prepositions, but as subordinators they are being used to introduce a clause and to subordinate the following clause to the independent element in the sentence.

 

Common Subordinating Conjunctions

after

although

as

as if

as long as

as though

because

before

even if

even though

if

if only

in order that

now that

once

rather than

since

so that

than

that

though

till

unless

until

when

whenever

where

whereas

wherever

while

 

 

The Case of Like and As

Strictly speaking, the word like is a preposition, not a conjunction. It can, therefore, be used to introduce a prepositional phrase ("My brother is tall like my father"), but it should not be used to introduce a clause ("My brother can't play the piano like as he did before the accident" or "It looks like as if basketball is quickly overtaking baseball as America's national sport."). To introduce a clause, it's a good idea to use as, as though, or as if, instead.

 

Like As I told you earlier, the lecture has been postponed.

It looks like as if it's going to snow this afternoon.

Johnson kept looking out the window like as though he had someone waiting for him.

In formal, academic text, it's a good idea to reserve the use of like for situations in which similarities are being pointed out:

 

This community college is like a two-year liberal arts college.

However, when you are listing things that have similarities, such as is probably more suitable:

 

The college has several highly regarded neighbors, like such as the Mark Twain House, St. Francis Hospital, the Connecticut Historical Society, and the UConn Law School.

 

 

Omitting That

The word that is used as a conjunction to connect a subordinate clause to a preceding verb. In this construction that is sometimes called the "expletive that." Indeed, the word is often omitted to good effect, but the very fact of easy omission causes some editors to take out the red pen and strike out the conjunction that wherever it appears. In the following sentences, we can happily omit the that (or keep it, depending on how the sentence sounds to us):

 

Isabel knew [that] she was about to be fired.

She definitely felt [that] her fellow employees hadn't supported her.

I hope [that] she doesn't blame me.

Sometimes omitting the that creates a break in the flow of a sentence, a break that can be adequately bridged with the use of a comma:

 

The problem is, that production in her department has dropped.

Remember, that we didn't have these problems before she started working here.

As a general rule, if the sentence feels just as good without the that, if no ambiguity results from its omission, if the sentence is more efficient or elegant without it, then we can safely omit the that. Theodore Bernstein lists three conditions in which we should maintain the conjunction that:

 

When a time element intervenes between the verb and the clause: "The boss said yesterday that production in this department was down fifty percent." (Notice the position of "yesterday").

When the verb of the clause is long delayed: "Our annual report revealed that some losses sustained by this department in the third quarter of last year were worse than previously thought." (Notice the distance between the subject "losses" and its verb, "were").

When a second that can clear up who said or did what: "The CEO said that Isabel's department was slacking off and that production dropped precipitously in the fourth quarter." (Did the CEO say that production dropped or was the drop a result of what he said about Isabel's department? The second that makes the sentence clear).

Authority for this section: Dos, Don'ts & Maybes of English Usage by Theodore Bernstein. Gramercy Books: New York. 1999. p. 217. Examples our own.

 

 

 

Beginning a Sentence with Because

Somehow, the notion that one should not begin a sentence with the subordinating conjunction because retains a mysterious grip on people's sense of writing proprieties. This might come about because a sentence that begins with because could well end up a fragment if one is not careful to follow up the "because clause" with an independent clause.

 

Because e-mail now plays such a huge role in our communications industry.

When the "because clause" is properly subordinated to another idea (regardless of the position of the clause in the sentence), there is absolutely nothing wrong with it:

 

Because e-mail now plays such a huge role in our communications industry, the postal service would very much like to see it taxed in some manner.

 

Correlative Conjunctions

 

Some conjunctions combine with other words to form what are called correlative conjunctions. They always travel in pairs, joining various sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal.

 

She led the team not only in statistics but also by virtue of her enthusiasm.

Polonius said, "Neither a borrower nor a lender be."

Whether you win this race or lose it doesn't matter as long as you do your best.

Correlative conjunctions sometimes create problems in parallel form. Click HERE for help with those problems. Here is a brief list of common correlative conjunctions.

 

 

both . . . and

not only . . . but also

not . . . but

either . . . or     neither . . . nor

whether . . . or

as . . . as

Conjunctive Adverbs

 

The conjunctive adverbs such as however, moreover, nevertheless, consequently, as a result are used to create complex relationships between ideas. Refer to the section on Coherence: Transitions Between Ideas for an extensive list of conjunctive adverbs categorized according to their various uses and for some advice on their application within sentences (including punctuation issues).



دوره فوق فشرده نوروزی آیلتس استاد آرین - کلاسهای آیلتس استاد آرین در ایام عید برقرار میباشد


دوره فوق فشرده نوروزی آیلتس و تافل استاد آرین


کلاس آیلتس و تافل در ایام عید سال 1393



آیلتس استرالیا و عربستان سعودی

IELTS test in Australia and Saudi Arabia – March 2014 (Academic Module)


Writing testIELTS test in Australia

Writing task 1 (a report)

We were given a line graph showing the percentage of quality river water in 4 countries, between 1995 and 2010, and including a forecast for 2015.

Writing task 2 (an essay)

Some people say success can be achieved through hard work and determination, others argue it is reached by using money and personal appearance. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Speaking test

Interview

- What is your full name?
- Can I see your ID?
- Where are you from?
- Do you work or study?
- Do you like history?
- Do you like to watch historical movies?

Cue Card 1

Talk about a letter that you received. Please say

- Who was it from?
- Why was it important to you?
- When and where did you receive it?

Discussion 1

- What is an important aspect of business communication?
- What kind of letters are historians interested in?

Cue Card 2

Talk about your favorite sport that you like to watch or play. Please say

- What is your favorite sport?
- Where and when does it take place?
- Who plays it?

Discussion 2

- Do you think that sport is important in school?
- Why do you think it is important?
- Do you like team or individual sports? Why?

دوره فشرده writing آیلتس استاد آرین - نکات writing آیلتس استاد آرین

Paragraph writing competition – March 2014

To launch the new forum I have set up, I’m having a little paragraph writing competition. What I’m going to do is set you a writing task here and ask you to post your response in the forum. The general idea is that I would like people to share their ideas and language and I believe the forum is a much better place to do that.

Rule number 1: a paragraph not an essay

The task is to write me a paragraph, not a whole essay. The reason for this is that one of the best ways to learn to write an essay is to make sure you can write a paragraph first. An essay is after all a collection of paragraphs. Paragraph writing matters.

One way people sometimes go wrong with IELTS preparation is that they are so busy practising essays, they forget to practise the skills they need to write essays. Write too many essays and you may never improve – just carry on doing the same thing over and again. This is your chance to step back and practise a skill.

Rule number 2: a listing paragraph

If you want to learn to write well, you need to be able to write different types of paragraphs. What I call a “listing paragraph” is when you have several linked ideas that explain the main point of the paragraph. These ideas can be reasons, causes or examples.  Look at this example to see what I mean. As you read it, ask yourself these two questions:

  1. what is the main point of the paragraph?
  2. how is that main point explained?

There are a number of different reasons behind the current housing shortage. Perhaps the principal reason is that there has a been a lack of  long-term planning by the central government and the effects of this are only being felt now. It should also not be forgotten that there has been a very significant increase in the general population, partially caused by longer life expectancy and also by rising levels of immigration. A third factor is that more and more people choose to live alone  and the average size of the British household has shrunk considerably in the last few decades.

You should see that the main point comes in the first sentence:. This is your model “topic sentence”. Typically in a listing paragraph, the first sentence simply says that you are going to make a number of related points.

There are a number of different reasons behind the current housing shortage

Then that point is developed in three more sentences. Each sentence gives a reason why there is not enough housing:

  1.  Perhaps the principal reason is that there has a been a lack of  long-term planning by the central government and the effects of this are only being felt now
  2. It should also not be forgotten that there has been a very significant increase in the general population, partially caused by longer life expectancy and also by rising levels of immigration.
  3. A third factor is that more and more people choose to live alone  and the average size of the British household has shrunk considerably in the last few decades.

Rule number 3: no first, second, third

If you read my paragraph again, you will see that I do not use “First”, “Second” and “Third”. You can do that, but I want to teach you new tricks. If you want to impress examiners, you want to show that you can different things and for high band scores your linking should not be too too obvious.

Here are some key words and ideas you may want to try out:

also

another

in the same way

likewise

Rule number 4 – answer the question!!!

The paragraph I want you to write is in answer to this question

An increasing number of young people are choosing to study abroad. What are the reasons for this and what problems do you think they may face?

Write a paragraph (not an essay) about either the reasons they choose to study abroad or the problems they may face.

Please note that the question asks to write reasons (in the plural) or problems (in the plural). Listing paragraphs are best used for this type of question.

Rule number 5 – post in the forum

If you do this, I will read it. And I have now closed comments on this post to encourage you into the forum.

The most interesting I will write detailed comments on. (Note that the most interesting is not the same as the best). Don’t be disappointed if I don’t answer your response personally. I simply don’t have the time to look at all the work that is sent in.

I hope that the way this will work is that it will you give you the opportunity to share ideas and vocabulary and learn from each other.

Hope to hear from you.

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